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The concept of robots that look and behave like humans is no longer confined to the realm of science fiction. Recent advancements in actuator performance, sensing, and interactive capabilities have led to the emergence of humanoid robot models at various stages of commercialization. We explore the development and future growth of humanoid robots, as well as the technological and regulatory progress required to bring this century-old dream to fruition.

Aging populations, labor shortages, and low productivity gains in service sectors bolster the case for humanoid robots. Their human-like form offers the advantage of seamless integration into daily life. While early humanoids are already operational in manufacturing and warehouses, most current models are designed for research and development. Industrial sectors are leading the adoption, followed by service sectors and households. A ÃÛ¶¹ÊÓƵ model places industrial sectors as the adoption leaders, followed by service sectors and households. By 2030E, 63% of use cases should still be industrials, with more than half of models still non-bipedal. For humanoids' full potential to be realised, we believe they eventually need to become a household consumer product and human-form humanoids (upper bodies with dual arms, dexterous hands and bi-pedal lower bodies) to become mainstream.

The journey towards a humanoid future hinges on technological advancements, regulatory developments, and consumer acceptance. Brain technology remains a critical bottleneck, but the rapid progress in large language models (LLM) and vision language models, (LVM) along with innovative data collection and training, suggests that human-comparable performance is achievable. While the convergence of capital and labor may pose regulatory challenges, the benefits of alleviating labor shortages, enabling humans to engage in higher-value work, and mitigating fiscal challenges from an aging society cannot be overlooked.